OPT申请通过的国际学生可以从EAD（Employment Authorization Document）上找到的OPT start date 来开始工作。此外，从OPT start date起，OPT参与者的失业天数不得超过90天。为了避免超过90天的失业日，学生应该找到符合要求的就业机会。此文章将根据美国政府机构之一SEVP的 OPT policy guideline ，介绍7种符合F1-OPT的工作。
相关阅读1：EAD地址更改，延迟交付
相关阅读2：F1 OPT FREELANCE的工作要求
内容摘要
正常带薪工作
在Post-completion OPT时，有两点要记住。首先，OPT学生每周必须工作20个小时以上。其次，该职位应与您的专业直接相关。
在疫情期间，OPT不必满足“每周至少20个小时”的要求。SEVP在Frequently Asked Questions for SEVP Stakeholders about COVID-19指出：“在COVID-19紧急情况期间，在OPT中每周工作少于20小时的学生仍被认同参与了OPT。
A student may work part-time (at least 20 hours per week when on post-completion OPT) or full time.
SEVP’s OPT policy guideline
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相关博客文章2：申请OPT如何写明与专业直接相关
多重就业
只要工作与学生的专业直接相关，该学生就可以为多个雇主工作。参加pre-completion OPT（Pre OPT）的学生应注意不要超过允许的总工作时间。例如，Part-time Pre OPT students 的学生最多可以工作20个小时，而Full-time Pre OPT students 最多可以工作40个小时。
A student may work for more than one employer, but all employment must be related to the student’s degree program and, for pre-completion OPT, can not exceed the allowed per week cumulative hours.
SEVP’s OPT policy guideline
相关阅读：PRE OPT：如何在毕业前合法打工？
多个短期就业
学生也可以为多个短期雇主工作。这种工作对于学习音乐或表演艺术的学生来说更普遍。在这种情况下，SEVP建议学生保留所有雇主名称，日期和工作期限。
A student, such as a musician or other type of performing artist, may work for multiple short term employers (gigs). The student should maintain a list of all gigs, the dates and duration.
SEVP’S OPT POLICY GUIDELINE
合同工
与多个短期就业类似，OPT参与者可以寻求基于合同的自由职业机会。SEVP解释说，这种雇佣关系要求工人提交1099表。
这类OPT工作的学生应保留公司的名称和地址以及合同期限。
This is also commonly referred to as 1099 employment, where an individual performs a service based on a contractual relationship rather than an employment relationship. If requested by DHS, the student must be prepared to provide evidence showing the duration of the contract period and the name and address of the contracting company.
SEVP’S OPT POLICY GUIDELINE
自雇
如果您是一名企业家，您可能想知道您是否可以通过OPT自雇。答案是肯定的，但是该过程可能并不容易。SEVP指出，个体经营的企业主应证明两件事：营业执照，并且该业务与他们的学位课程直接相关。
A student on OPT may start a business and be self-employed. The student must be able to prove that he or she has the proper business licenses and is actively engaged in a business related to the student’s degree program.
SEVP’S OPT POLICY GUIDELINE
但是，OPT学生的失业时间不得超过90天，这意味着自雇学生应在3个月内获得许可证。因此，学生可以在获得许可证的同时寻找工作，以免在三个月后没有许可证的情况下可能要面临离境。
通过中介就业
一名国际学生可以在一家中介公司工作，而他或她每周必须工作20个小时以上。（在疫情期间，学生每周可以工作少于20个小时。）
A student on post-completion OPT must be able to provide evidence showing he or she worked an average of at least 20 hours per week while employed by the agency.
SEVP’S OPT POLICY GUIDELINE
志愿者或无薪实习生
尽管从事带薪工作是最好的情况，但为避免累积失业日，可以考虑做自愿者或实习。只要工作与学生的学习计划直接相关，并且工作时间每周超过20个小时，OPT工作就可以带薪或不带薪。
A student may work as a volunteer or unpaid intern, where this practice does not violate any labor laws. The work must be at least 20 hours per week for a student on post-completion OPT. A student must be able to provide evidence acquired from the student’s employer to verify that the student worked at least 20 hours per week during the period of employment.
SEVP’S OPT POLICY GUIDELINE
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